The mechanics are worth understanding because they explain why the category is so durable. When a customer buys a $50 gift card, you receive $50 in cash and record a $50 liability — not revenue. The revenue is recognized later, when the card is redeemed and you actually deliver the food, the haircut or the merchandise. In between, you hold the cash. For a seasonal business that means December sales funding January payroll, which is a materially different financial position from selling the same $50 of goods in February.
The second mechanic is the one merchants underestimate. Redemption is not a neutral event. A customer holding a $50 card rarely spends exactly $50; they spend more, because the card feels like found money and because tickets do not land on round numbers. Blackhawk Network found 65% of consumers overspend their card value by an average of 38%. The card also frequently brings someone new through the door — Toast found 64% of guests discovered a new restaurant because they were given a gift card. The person who paid for the acquisition was the gift giver, not you.
A modern program is not one product but four working together: physical cards for counter sales, digital cards for online and last-minute gifting, loyalty for repeat behavior, and reporting for the liability your accountant will ask about. What determines whether those four cohere is whether they share one real-time ledger. When they do, a card bought in store, topped up on a phone and spent online is one balance. When they do not — because gift came from the POS vendor and loyalty came from someone else — you have two systems, two invoices, and no way to answer what a gifted customer is worth over a year.